What is Lung Compliance?
Question One
Dynamic compliance is a continuous assessment of the lung compliance obtained in different points of schematic changes, which occur during rhythmic breathing. On the other hand, static compliance is the measurement of lung compliance in a fixed volume with no airflow and the muscles have been relaxed (Desai & Moustarah, 2020). Static complication evaluates the elastic resistance of the lungs and plays a vital role in the determination of the level of positive end-expiratory pressure. Dynamic compliance examines the elasticity and airway resistance based on the length and radius of airways, air viscosity, and density.
Question Two
Compliance = Change in Lung Volume (V) / Change in Pleural Pressure
Compliance= 500ml/ (30 cmH2O-10 cmH2O)
Compliance = 25 mL/ cmH2O
Based on the results, the patient has low compliance, which indicates the lungs are stiff and need more work to normalize the air. The lungs have lost distensibility and turn into a fibrotic nature that consequently, the patient needs to inflate the lungs in continuous monitoring by a respiratory therapist.
Question Three
Cstat = Vt / (Pplat – PEEP)
Vt= tidal volume, Pplat = plateau pressure, PEEP = Positive end-expiratory pressure
Cstat = 760 / (33 – 7)
Cstat = 760/ 26
Cstat= 29.2308.
Dynamic compliance = VT/PIP – PEEP
Vt = tidal volume, PIP = Peak inspiratory pressure, and PEEP = Positive end-expiratory pressure
Dynamic compliance = 760/ (38– 7)
Dynamic compliance = 760/31
Dynamic compliance = 24.516
Based on the two health outcomes, the patient has low lung compliance resulting from the stiffness of the lungs.
Question Four
Cstat = Vt / (Pplat – PEEP)
Vt= tidal volume, Pplat = plateau pressure, PEEP = Positive end-expiratory pressure
Cstat = 780 / (40-10)
Cstat = 780/ 30
Cstat= 26.00
Dynamic compliance = VT/PIP – PEEP
Vt = tidal volume, PIP = Peak inspiratory pressure, and PEEP = Positive end-expiratory pressure
Dynamic compliance = 780/ (45-10)
Dynamic compliance = 780/35
Dynamic compliance = 22.2857
Static compliance is 26.00 and dynamic compliance is 22.2857. The results depict that the patient has low lung compliance that is accelerated by the loss of elastic recoil on the walls of the airways.
Question Five
Cstat = Vt / (Pplat – PEEP)
Vt= tidal volume, Pplat = plateau pressure, PEEP = Positive end-expiratory pressure
Cstat = 800 / (35-10)
Cstat = 800/ 25
Cstat= 32.00
Dynamic compliance = VT/PIP – PEEP
Vt = tidal volume, PIP = Peak inspiratory pressure, and PEEP = Positive end-expiratory pressure
Dynamic compliance = 800/ (30– 10)
Dynamic compliance = 800/20
Dynamic compliance = 40.00
Static compliance is 32.00 and dynamic compliance is 40.00. Lung compliance is slightly lower compared to the normal values of 50-100 mL/cm H2O.
Question Six
Permissive hypercapnia is an elevated arterial PCO2, which emerges from the hypoventilation mechanism in patients. A permissive hypercapnia strategy is used to prevent destruction, which may occur during ventilation. According to (Fuchs, et al., 2017) Permissive hypercapnia mechanism takes place in low tidal volumes among patients with acute and chronic respiratory failure as well as sepsis. In COPD patients, the strategy plays a significant role in ensuring that there is a reduction of respiratory acidosis by slowing down the infusion of bicarbonate in the blood system. Besides, the mechanism helps to prevent lung injury by increasing the levels of plasma carbon dioxide.
Question Seven
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is one of the core respiratory conditions that lead to an increased number of patients in the intensive care unit (Wang, et al., 2016). The recommended strategy for ventilating patients with ARDS is low tidal volume mechanical ventilation, which helps to improve and maintain the oxygenation of tissues in the lungs. The strategy has the ability to limit tidal volumes and low inspiratory pressures. Mechanical ventilation in patients with ARDS offers therapeutic intervention, which plays a vital role in the prevention of lung injury. The intervention adopts evidence and clinical based practice to ensure that the lungs stabilize and reduction of tension in the walls of alveoli.
Question Eight
Patients with traumatic brain injury require protective ventilation with low tidal volumes. The aim of the ventilation is to safeguard the airways from the threats of aspiration and the development of hypoxemia and hypercapnia. Besides, through the ventilation, the patient can manage to keep a low value for PaCO2 and as a result, prevent the chances of experiencing a high level of intracranial pressure (ICP) (Arora, Singh, & Trikha, 2014).
References
Arora, S., Singh, P. M., & Trikha, A. (2014). Ventilatory strategies in trauma patients. J Emerg Trauma Shock. , 7 (1), 25–31.
Desai, J. P., & Moustarah, F. (2020). Pulmonary Compliance. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing.
Fuchs, H., Rossmann, N., Schmid, M. B., Hoenig, M., Thome, U., Mayer, B., et al. (2017). Permissive hypercapnia for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome in immunocompromised children: A single center experience. PLoS One. , 12 (6), e0179974.
Wang, C., Wang, X., Chi, C., Guo, L., Guo, L., Zhao, N., et al. (2016). Lung ventilation strategies for acute respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Sci Rep. , 6.
